ST4TE project aims to provide a comprehensive view of the drivers of the Twin Transition (TT), the inequalities that emerge or are widened by the TT, and a set of policies to build greener, more equal and more productive societies. 

Why this project? 

We live in a world of transitions. The transition to green forms of production and consumption and the digital transformation are processes that are expected to generate long term environmental benefits and draw new opportunities for economic growth. A green and digital divide is, however, emerging, not only slowing down progress overall, but also widening the gap between individuals, regions, and social groups, leading to increased inequality in the long run. The growing divide between richer and poorer regions is expected to widen, posing challenges for regional cohesion in Europe. The benefits and costs of these two transitions are also likely to be unevenly distributed across households and vulnerable groups. If green and digital policies fail to address existing asymmetries related to access and distribution of resource, structural inequalities will be replicated and even widened, creating further injustice. Despite the growing interest and its position at the top of the European political agenda, the twin transition (TT) is still an evolving concept running over two parallel roadmaps/agendas rather than one cohesive policy framework. The way in which these two transitions are managed is still unclear, while their implementation will vary across territories depending on many contextual factors such as their industrial structure, the level of populations’ skills and international connectivity/collaboration.

Our consortium

Objectives and tasks

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Understand and measure the drivers of the transitions

Investigate the main policies and financial instruments driving the two transitions:

  • Identify complementarities/tensions among the two policy streams
  • Link identified inequalities to policy options
  • Link mitigation measures to specific policies

Create measures focusing on different TT drivers

  • Identify technologies that drive both transitions in complementary or competitive ways
  • Identify the green, digital and twin occupations and skills

Spatial Inequalities

Map performance, transition patterns and vulnerabilities (NUTS2 regions and cities):

  • Map green, digital and twin technological capabilities (specialization)
  • Map green, digital and twin scientific specialization
  • Map green, digital and twin occupations and skills

Develop regional TT typologies

Identify complementarities between regions

Identify vulnerabilities from exposure to globalisation

Skill related inequalities among industries and occupations

  • Investigate the exposure of industries and occupations to scientific and technological change related to the TT
  • Unequal impact of the digital transition on employment opportunities
  • Estimate the potential impact on wage inequality
  • Investigate non-wage elements of inequality (contract, intensity of work, remote working)

Inequalities among individuals

  • Investigate the impact of the transition on the occupational level on employees of different gender/age.
  • Impact of TT on intersectional, intergenerational and other forms of social inequalities
  • Link market attachment and health conditions
  • Measure the impact of the digital transition on equality of opportunities, representation of minorities, inequality in terms of social capital, centrality and status

Existing inequalities leading to different pathways

Link TT drivers (policy drivers, consumption drivers, education and STI) to alternative transition pathways (WP4)

  • Inequalities driving the policy cycle
  • Consumption patterns shaped by inequalities
  • Disparities in the provision of education and STI

Policy assessment and commendations

  • Analyse the distributional and macroeconomic implications of different TT scenarios
  • Assess the financial risks and opportunities of the twin transition scenarios
  • Perform territorial impact assessment
  • Link identified inequalities to policy measures
  • Provide short-term and long-term recommendations on policy adaptation and mitigation measures

Engage, communicate, disseminate & exploit

  • Communicate and disseminate project results
  • Organise workshops to validate project results
  • Policy Advisory Board
  • Link to other stakeholders (federations of industries, educational and research organisations, labor unions, professional chambers, health organisations, media etc.)

Objectives and tasks

Understand and measure the drivers of the transitions

Investigate the main policies and financial instruments driving the two transitions:

  • Identify complementarities/tensions among the two policy streams
  • Link identified inequalities to policy options
  • Link mitigation measures to specific policies

Create measures focusing on different TT drivers

  • Identify technologies that drive both transitions in complementary or competitive ways
  • Identify the green, digital and twin occupations and skills

A - Spatial Inequalities

Map performance, transition patterns and vulnerabilities (NUTS2 regions and cities):

  • Map green, digital and twin technological capabilities (specialization)
  • Map green, digital and twin scientific specialization
  • Map green, digital and twin occupations and skills

Develop regional TT typologies

Identify complementarities between regions

Identify vulnerabilities from exposure to globalisation

B - Skill related inequalities among industries and occupations

  • Investigate the exposure of industries and occupations to scientific and technological change related to the TT
  • Unequal impact of the digital transition on employment opportunities
  • Estimate the potential impact on wage inequality
  • Investigate non-wage elements of inequality (contract, intensity of work, remote working)

Inequalities among individuals

  • Investigate the impact of the transition on the occupational level on employees of different gender/age.
  • Impact of TT on intersectional, intergenerational and other forms of social inequalities
  • Link market attachment and health conditions
  • Measure the impact of the digital transition on equality of opportunities, representation of minorities, inequality in terms of social capital, centrality and status

Existing inequalities leading to different pathways

Link TT drivers (policy drivers, consumption drivers, education and STI) to alternative transition pathways (WP4)

  • Inequalities driving the policy cycle
  • Consumption patterns shaped by inequalities
  • Disparities in the provision of education and STI

Policy assessment and commendations

  • Analyse the distributional and macroeconomic implications of different TT scenarios
  • Assess the financial risks and opportunities of the twin transition scenarios
  • Perform territorial impact assessment
  • Link identified inequalities to policy measures
  • Provide short-term and long-term recommendations on policy adaptation and mitigation measures
 

What is the approach taken by the project?  

ST4TE adopts a multidimensional approach to study the relationship between the green, digital and twin transition (TT) and inequalities.

To analyse different patterns of inequalities and envisage custom made policies to counterbalance the unequal effects of the TT, the ST4TE project uses:

  • Quantitative methods: econometrics, machine-learning and agent-based modelling
  • Qualitative methods: narrative interviews, case studies and workshops